Pour pearled barley into a fine-mesh strainer and rinse with cool water to remove dust.
Add rinsed barley to Instant Pot, using a spatula to remove any grains that stick to the strainer.
Add remaining ingredients: water/broth, oil, and salt.
Place the lid on the Instant Pot, seal the vent, and set it to cook at high pressure for 20 minutes.
When the time is up, allow it to release naturally for 5 minutes. Then, open the vent to release any remaining steam.Remove lid and fluff with a fork.
If not using immediately, remove liner from Instant Pot and spread barley on a parchment lined baking sheet to cool quickly. Transfer cooled barley to containers for refrigerator or freezer storage.
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Notes
Both the oil and salt are not necessary, but they add flavor to the plain barley. Also, the oil helps to keep the barley from sticking together excessively. When cooked, it's a very sticky grain!If the barley does not completely absorb the cooking water, simply drain it off.